We are sure that few have ever heard of the Tonga islands. This, the most eastern country in the East, is the last
oceanic kingdom ruled by a member of the Tupou dynasty, considered to be the longest ruled dynasty in human history. This isolated
archipelago of 169 islands
recently became the center of the funniest political scandal. This event has shocked this normally
sleepy region.
Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, the king of Tonga, has been in power since 1965. He has always valued tradition. One tradition was the former post of court
jester. Thus, the king decided to
reestablish this position because the king who has no court
jester is not a good
ruler. The king ordered his subjects to find the right person for this post, but after a few years, the search had still been unsuccessful. In the whole kingdom, there was not a single person who had a sense of humor compatible with the king’s own. As a result, the king
abandoned this idea.
In 1999, Jesse Bogdonoff, an American, appeared at the royal court. He proposed himself for the court
jester post. The 87-year-old king was very happy about this, as Bogdonoff’s sense of humor entertained the king. Bogdonoff started to make a
career as a Tonga court
jester, and this
career was very successful. After few months, the king officially announced that the
jester was his friend and that the members of the Tonga government should take his opinion into
consideration. The American
jester was very clever, and he became the king’s closest
advisor with the power to make decisions about the kingdom budget.

The question is who was this Jesse Bogdonoff who introduced himself as a poet, singer, and
jester? In reality, he was a lowly Bank of America
clerk, and one day, he learned of the Tonga governmental account, which contained almost 27 million dollars. This money was deposited in a special account. These funds came from
scandalous actions made by Tonga government
officials in the late 1990s when they decided to fill the coffers by trading on Tonga citizenship. They sold more than 16 thousand Tonga passports in one year, and most of the new citizens were criminals from China, the United States, and Europe. This business was protested by ONZ, and so, the Tonga government soon ended this activity.
The Tonga court
jester soon realized that he could use his good name and sense of humor to cheat the old king. The king trusted him completely, so he
convinced the old man to make some risky investments in three American companies with doubtful financial status. The members of the Tonga government asked him many times about these investments, but the
convinced them that the investments would return large profits. They totaled more than 25 million dollars. After a year, the government ordered the
jester to present the profits, but he disappeared immediately. The government
officials were afraid that he had cheated the king and took control of the finances. The Tonga government filed a
lawsuit against Bogdonoff in a San Francisco court. They demanded he return the invested money with extra
penal interest, as this scandal had resulted in the ruin of the Tonga state budget.

In Tonga, this
phony investment blew up into a big political scandal. Some members of government were dismissed, and the members of the royal family accused each other of naivety. Then, the people
rioted, demanding that the monarchy be overthrown, but in the end, the old king survived the coup. The former court
jester rejected all
accusations as false because he was a
jester only and all his suggestions were...
pranks and no more! The court certainly could not sentence him for the
pranks’ results. The American court agreed with him.
As you see, this clever
jester almost brought down the oldest dynasty in human history. One would hope that our European politics would
preclude belief in the
jester’s advice. However, many European politicians behave as
jester themselves, so unfortunately, we cannot be sure about this.
Nagranie lektora| | abandon I verb transitive porzucaæ, opuszczaæ + sb/sth - kogo¶/co¶, np. mê¿a, dziecko, statek itp. ; zaniechaæ, zaprzestawaæ, rezygnowaæ + sth - czego¶, np. z pracy, poszukiwañ, realizacji planu itp. ; zrzekaæ siê + sth – czego¶, np. prawa ; rel. zrzucaæ habit ; poddawaæ siê (np. uczuciu), oddawaæ siê (np. namiêtno¶ci, pasji itp.) II noun poddanie n. siê (np. uczuciom), oddanie n. siê (np. namiêtno¶ci, pasji itp.) | accusation noun prawn. oskar¿enie + of sth – o co¶ ; prawn. zarzut + of sth – czego¶ - to be under an accusation - prawn. byæ oskar¿onym | advisor noun doradca + sb/sth – kogo¶/czego¶ ; (BrE.) specjalista do spraw metod nauczania (w szko³ach) - financial advisor - ekonom. doradca finansowy - spiritual advisor - rel. spowiednik | archipelago noun (plural: archipelagom or archipelagoes) geogr. archipelag ; geogr. morze usiane wieloma wyspami | career I noun kariera ; zawód, profesja, fach ; przebieg pracy zawodowej, kariery itp. ; bieg, pêd (np. spraw, ¿ycia itp.) ; droga (np. ¿yciowa, kariery, s³oñca przemierzaj±cego niebosk³on itp.) ; szybko¶æ, prêdko¶æ (np. jad±cego samochodu) - man of career - karierowicz - in full career - pêdem, galopem - to stop sb in full career - zatrzymaæ kogo¶ w pe³nym biegu II adjectiv e odnosz±cy siê do kariery - career girl/woman -- karierowiczka - Careers Officer - doradca wyboru zawodu III intransitive verb pêdziæ (np. o samochodzie, ¿yciu itp.) - to career about/over a place - goniæ tu i tam | clerk noun urzêdnik, urzêdniczka, pracownik biurowy ; (AmE.) (Can.) sprzedawca, sprzedawczyni, ekspedient, ekspedientka ; (also desk clerk) recepcjonista hotelowy, recepcjonistka hotelowa ; arch. naukowiec ; prawn. sekretarz s±dowy - junior clerk - m³odszy urzêdnik | consideration noun namys³, rozwaga ; rozwa¿anie + of sth – czego¶, np. ró¿nych wariantów, mo¿liwo¶ci itp. ; wzglêdy + for sb - okazywane komu¶, uznanie n + for sb - dla kogo¶ ; troska ; znaczenie, waga ; czynnik + in sth – w czym¶, np. wyborze szko³y ; ekonom. wynagrodzenie - in consideration of sb/sth - z uwagi na kogo¶/co¶ - out of consideration for sb/sth - przez wzgl±d na kogo¶/co¶ - to take sth into consideration - uwzglêdniaæ co¶, braæ co¶ pod uwagê - to take time for consideration - namy¶laæ siê | convince verb transitive przekonywaæ + sb of sth - kogo¶ o czym¶ ; przekonywaæ sb that… + kogo¶, ¿e… ; namawiaæ + sb to do sth – kogo¶ do czego¶ ; przest. przezwyciê¿aæ + sth - co¶ | jester noun b³azen nadworny | lawsuit noun prawn. proces s±dowy, sprawa s±dowa - to bring a lawsuit against sb - prawn. wszczynaæ proces przeciwko komu¶ | oceanic adjective geogr. oceaniczny - oceanic life – ¿ycie oceaniczne | official I noun urzêdnik , osoba urzêdowa, pot. oficja³ ; funkcjonariusz (np. policji) ; (Official) polit. cz³onek Sinn Féin II urzêdowy, oficjalny, s³u¿bowy (np. pismo, wizyta itp.) ; (Official) odnosz±cy siê do Sinn Féin (oficjalnej frakcji IRA) - custom official - urzêdnik celny - Official Journal - prawn. oficjalny dziennik publikacyjny aktów prawnych Unii Europejskiej - official receiver - ekonom. prawn. likwidator, syndyk masy upad³o¶ciowej - official dinner - kolacja s³u¿bowa - official secret - tajemnica s³u¿bowa ; tajemnica pañstwowa - official message - oficjalny komunikat | penal adjective karny (np. kodeks, kolonia itp.) ; karalny (np. czyn) - penal code - prawn. kodeks karny - penal colony - prawn. kolonia karna - penal institution - prawn. zak³ad karny - penal servitude - prawn. ciê¿kie roboty (dla wiê¼niów) | phony I adjective fa³szywy (np. diament) ; udawany, sztuczny (np. u¶miech, emocje itp.) ; pozorny (np. ruch) ; podrobiony, nieoryginalny (np. przedmiot) ; oszukañczy, pot. lewy (np. interes) II noun oszust, szarlatan ; przedmiot nieoryginalny, podrobiony itp., podróbka | prank
I noun wybryk, psota, figiel, kawa³, ¿art - to play pranks on sb - robiæ ¿arty, figle itp. komu¶ II verb transitive stroiæ, ozdabiaæ (np. okno kwiatami) | preclude verb transitive zapobiegaæ + sth – czemu¶, np. skutkom negatywnym ; uniemo¿liwiaæ + sb from doing sth - komu¶ zrobienie czego¶ ; wykluczaæ (np. okre¶lone dzia³ania) ; dzia³aæ prewencyjnie | recently adverb niedawno, dopiero co | reestablish verb transitive przywracaæ (np. prawo) ; nawi±zywaæ ponownie (np. kontakty) ; umacniaæ ponownie (np. czyj±¶ pozycjê) | riot Inoun rozruchy, zamieszki (uliczne) ; prawn. zak³ócenie porz±dku publicznego ; bunt ; szaleñcza zabawa, hulanka ; wybuch (np. ¶miechu, namiêtno¶ci itp.) ; bogactwo (np. kolorów) ; slang. osoba ha³a¶liwie bawi±ca siê - riot control agent -- ciek³a substancja u¿ywana do rozpêdzania zamieszek ulicznych - riot police -- policja prewencyjna - riot shield -- os³ona ochronna II verb intransitive braæ udzia³ w rozruchach (zamieszkach, zak³óceniu porz±dku publicznego, buncie itp.) ; wzniecaæ bunt (rozruchy, zamieszki itp.) ; prawn. zak³ócaæ porz±dek publiczny ; hulaæ, szaleæ IIIverb transitive marnowaæ, trwoniæ czas lub pieni±dze (na niepohamowan± zabawê, szaleñstwa itp.) | ruler noun w³adca, w³adczyni ; przywódca ; osoba stanowi±ca regu³y, przepisy itp. ; linijka , miarka | scandalous adjective skandaliczny (np. zachowanie) ; gorsz±cy (np. wydarzenie, s³owa itp.) | sleepy adjective ¶pi±cy, ospa³y, senny ; leniwy, ospa³y, ociê¿a³y ; nasenny, usypiaj±cy, powoduj±cy sen ; przen. senny (np. miasto, wzrok itp.) |
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